Prevotella histicola, a regulator of butyrate production, transplantation mitigated cognitive impairment in vascular dementia rats by reducing MDA content, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and GPX), and attenuating glial cell-related inflammation via modulation of CaMKII phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons [141]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.