Altered expression and function of inhibitory GABAAR subunits (α1-3), excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B), and AMPAR subunits (GluA1, GluA2) have been demonstrated to be associated with E/I imbalance in epilepsy 47, 48. This evidence concerns the gene GRIN1 and epilepsy.