TNF and neoplasm: Moreover, ICC@G-PL induced robust adaptive immunity, including elevated serum levels of anti-tumour cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ), increased tumour-specific CD8+ T cells, and enhanced memory T cell formation (CD44+/CD62L+), which contributed to long-term anti-tumour protection (e.g., resistance to GL261 rechallenge in cured mice).