In vitro experiments identified potential targets (CASP3, KDR) and related pathways, while in mice with ALI induced by 5 mg/kg LPS, CA‐LBP (CA:LBP = 1:7, L/M/H dose: 25/50/100 mg/kg) was administered for 14 consecutive days, which reversed weight loss, alleviated lung injury, suppressed MPO activity, reduced TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and MDA levels, enhanced SOD and GSH‐Px activities, and mitigated NF‐κB activation significantly. Here, SOD1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.