CASP3 and colorectal cancer: In line with our findings, a study that used a nano-chitosome form of OP on the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 found that treatment with nano-chitosome-OP induced apoptosis (verified by AO/PI staining) by increasing the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (Almohammed et al. 2024).