TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: For example, IL-17 promotes neutrophil infiltration and synergizes with TGF-β1 and IL-1β to exacerbate ECM deposition in IPF, yet exhibits dual pro- and anti-fibrotic functions in dermal and renal fibrosis, as well as in atherosclerosis (Ramani and Biswas, 2019).