The active components of Codonopsis pilosula, such as soybean flavin and ethyl α-D-fructose furanoside, can regulate Treg/Th17 cells through the IL-2 target of the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibit the NF-κB pathway, ultimately alleviating the symptoms of ITP. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.