TNF and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: In addition, Zheng et al. [104] reported that in the treatment of ITP, Guipi decoction combined with dexamethasone might promote M2-type macrophage polarization by inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing IL-10 and 5-HT production, as well as inhibiting IL-12 and TNF-α expression.