TAC1 and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction: CIPO mice presented altered colonic expression of genes previously associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility, such as Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Vip),9 piezo-1 ion channel protein (Piezo1),38 lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (Lpar1),39 Protease activated receptor 2 (F2rl1),40 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt)41, high mobility group box protein 1 (Hmg1),42 and Substance P (Subp)43 (Figure 2G).