Therapeutically, a range of strategies targeting GPC-3 are currently under evaluation in clinical trials,64 including monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific antibodies, peptide vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, and CAR NK cell therapies.[65], [66], [67] For instance, a phase I clinical study of C-CAR031, a GPC3-specific CAR T-cell therapy, demonstrated promising anti-tumour activity in patients with advanced HCC.68 This evidence concerns the gene GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.