NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus: HMGB1 is a typical DAMP that engages TLR4 to activate NF‐κB and prime the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby amplifying IL‐1β–driven inflammation; diabetes‐related AGEs and ROS further potentiate NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis, delaying epithelial repair [6, 16].