The well-established relationship between disrupted oncoprotein signaling, cancer, and congenital anomalies suggests that differential expression of the oncogene VAV1 (*164875) could be driving the development of some CFAs.29, 30,24 Additional research on the differential expression of proto-oncogenes in individuals with congenital anomalies could give additional insight into why those with congenital anomalies are more likely to develop cancer. This evidence concerns the gene VAV1 and cancer.