TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: We and others have shown in Saccharomycescerevisiae (yeast), human cell culture, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from ALS patients that cytoplasmic TDP-43 clearance and toxicity are strongly dependent on an autophagy-independent endolysosomal degradation pathway (Hao et al., 2021, Preprint; Leibiger et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2020).