UCP1 and Sepsis: Current research on pathological adipose browning in sepsis has laid a solid foundation for elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms (Figure 8) but still has notable limitations: evidence is predominantly derived from animal models, with insufficient clinical data to validate the correlation between adipose browning markers (e.g. UCP1) and sepsis severity or prognosis; the crosstalk between different regulatory pathways remains unclear; and clinically translatable targeted therapeutic strategies are lacking.