RAC1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: RAC1 expression was positively correlated with the activity of multiple oncogenic programs, notably EMT, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and stemness, as well as DNA damage and repair pathways (Figure 7C).G IHC analysis from the Human Protein Atlas confirmed heterogeneous protein expression of RAC1 in ccRCC, with representative cases demonstrating low or medium staining intensities (Figure 7D).