It is widely believed that NMOSD pathogenesis is driven by autoimmunity against AQP4 in astrocytes; however, the relevant self-Ag(s), i.e., various epitopes in AQP4 and non-AQP4 of astrocyte Ags, in NMOSD remain speculative, with the possibility that these Ags differ among patients (7-9). This evidence concerns the gene AQP4 and Autoimmunity.