Depression is associated with several biological alterations reported in the literature, including neurotransmitter dysregulation,[25] neuroendocrine dysregulation (HPA axis hyperactivation) – leading to sustained hypercortisolemia,[13] systemic inflammation (elevated proinflammatory cytokines),[26] metabolic Alterations (e.g., insulin resistance, visceral adiposity).[27] These biomarkers and physiological measures often co‐exist in individuals with depression and adverse cardiometabolic profiles, and their concurrent presence aligns with patterns of worsened cardiorenal and metabolic status. This evidence concerns the gene INS and depressive disorder.