ALB and nutritional deficiency disease: Malnutrition is typically assessed using indicators such as body mass index, serum albumin levels, or nutritional assessment tools, but these metrics may not fully capture an individual’s nutritional status.[32,33] Furthermore, the relationship between malnutrition and stroke may be influenced by various confounding factors, such as socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and chronic diseases.[34,35] Future research may need to employ more precise nutritional assessment methods and incorporate multidimensional data to further explore the potential association between malnutrition and stroke.[36]