Its efficacy and safety have been validated in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.[9] Notably, in vitro studies demonstrate that GCXXD activates the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, upregulates antioxidant enzymes (e.g., HO-1, NQO1), and significantly enhances cell viability,[26] indicating its capacity to restore oxidative–antioxidant homeostasis and mitigate oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and apoptosis. Here, HMOX1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.