INS and memory impairment: In patients with SLE, memory impairment caused by autoantibodies against N-methyl-aspartate receptors or vascular lesions may result in hippocampus shrinkage and neuron loss.[10,19] Poor lipid metabolism, along with an imbalance in soluble amyloid-β plasma and disruption of the neurovascular network, are the main causes of cognitive issues in T1D patients.[20,21] Dementia and CI are more likely when brain glucose transport and insulin signaling mechanisms are compromised.