These 2 factors synergistically enabled GFAP-specific immune cells to infiltrate the spinal cord (with no intracranial involvement, as the BBB remained intact), in line with recognized BSCB damage-mediated immune infiltration processes.The preferential damage of BSCB provides a pathway for GFAP autoimmune response, while the negative brain MRI confirms that the BBB has no significant damage, which is consistent with the selective damage mechanism of diabetes to different barriers. Here, GFAP is linked to diabetes mellitus.