PGF and preeclampsia: Regarding the specificity of these markers for pregnancy/preeclampsia, it needs to be stressed that PlGF is used as a biomarker in a number of different cancer types such as colorectal and ovarian cancer (Wei et al., 2005; Meng et al., 2018), while sFlt-1 shows significant value in breast cancer and melanoma models (Verrax et al., 2011; Smalley et al., 2020).