Real-time PCR analysis of HCC tumors confirmed that GOx-DOX-LGPtreatment upregulated pro-apoptotic genes (ATF4, CHOP, DR5), the ICD-associatedmolecule HMGB1, and proinflammatory mediators, including type I interferonsand Th1-associated cytokines (Figure K), indicating enhanced immunostimulatory activity. Here, ATF4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.