To overcome both physical and immune barriers in order to reach the core of the tumor and reconfigure TME, an inhalable lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated RNA therapeutic approach combining mRNA encoding anti-DDR1 single-chain variable fragments and siRNA targeting PD-L1 has been tested in both orthotopic and metastatic mouse models of lung cancer [119]. Here, DDR1 is linked to neoplasm.