CDK12 and prostate carcinoma: In prostate cancer organoids, CDK12 inactivation enhances androgen-receptor (AR) signaling and induces enzalutamide resistance, whereas combined inhibition of CDK12/13 (THZ-531) and AR blockade (bicalutamide, apalutamide, or enzalutamide) exerts synergistic cytotoxicity [18].