ALB and neoplasm: By decorating albumin or albumin-like carriers with uPA-derived peptides or ATF fragments that bind uPAR, nanoparticles gain receptor-mediated uptake and intracellular internalization into the very cell subpopulations that fuel recurrence, as shown by dual uPAR/Wnt-targeted iron oxide nanoparticles which increased tumor delivery, downregulated CD44 and uPAR, and improved antitumor efficacy in chemo-resistant breast PDX models [57].