One of the subclusters, MMP1+CXCL5+ fibroblasts, almost solely consists of cells from HIV- TB patients, whereas the others were mostly occupied by cells from HIV+ TB patients, suggesting potentially different phenotypes for fibroblasts in HIV/TB co-infected patients versus patients with TB alone (Fig. 4 A and Fig. S3 E). Here, CXCL5 is linked to tuberculosis.