Extensive studies have established several relapse-associated risk factors in pediatric ALL, including age extremes (infancy or >10 years), hyperleukocytosis (WBC >50 × 109/L), CNS involvement, high post-induction MRD (≥0.01%), and adverse genetic abnormalities such as KMT2A rearrangements or BCR::ABL1. Here, ABL1 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.