SOD1 and gestational diabetes: As demonstrated in the Figure 5, the level of GSH (26.72 ± 1.86 μM) and the activity of SOD (15.35 ± 3.3 U/mL), CAT (6.93 ± 0.84 U/mL), and GPx (20.43 ± 2.1 U/mL) were significantly decreased by – 38-fold (p < 0.0001), – 0.47-fold (p < 0.0001), – 0.51-fold (p < 0.0001), and – 0.49-fold (p < 0.0001), respectively, in the GDM group compared with those (44.34 ± 3.57 μM, 30.01 ± 2.64 U/mL, 16.47 ± 1.92 U/mL, and 40.41 ± 2.49, respectively) in the NPC group.