CXCL1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Vaccinated males with obesity had elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, the central mediator of acute inflammation; GRO-α, MIP-2α, and IL-17A, which are potent neutrophil chemoattractant that also promote lung inflammation; and MCP-1 and MCP-3, which recruit monocytes and other leucocytes and contribute to lung damage (30, 31).