ACSL4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In SLE, histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) recruits methyltransferase 3 (METTL3, a key enzyme catalyzing RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation), thereby promoting N6-methyladenosine modification of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) mRNA (8, 9).In a psoriasis model, lactylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibits its nuclear translocation, consequently reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 (6), indicating that lactylation can reprogram the intensity of inflammatory responses through modification of metabolic enzymes.