Tumor-derived lactate also impairs the interaction between PD-L1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, contributing to ICB resistance, however, combining the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor AZD3965 with anti-PD-L1 antibodies effectively reduces lactate efflux and treats tumors refractory to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (380). The gene discussed is RPL17; the disease is neoplasm.