Tumor-derived lactate also impairs the interaction between PD-L1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, contributing to ICB resistance, however, combining the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor AZD3965 with anti-PD-L1 antibodies effectively reduces lactate efflux and treats tumors refractory to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (380). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.