To explore the effect of SAA on T cell functional differentiation, we established an ex vivo autologous T cell-tumor organoid co-culture system [as we reported in Wang et al., 2023, Cell Death & Dis. (16)] in which T lymphocytes were exposed to different SAA-related treatments, including recombinant SAA protein, control, and SAA-neutralizing antibody (α-SAA). The gene discussed is SAA1; the disease is neoplasm.