In vitro cell lines: RWPE-1 (normal prostate epithelial cells), LNCaP (hormone-sensitive, AR-positive), 22RV1, PC3, VCaP, DU145, RM-1Murine models: Subcutaneous xenografts established using RM-1 cells.Clinical specimens: Paired Pca tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 95 patients. Here, AR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.