IFNA1 and neoplasm: The mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance (28, 193–196) involve tumor suppressor gene deletion (e.g., PTEN deletion leading to a “cold tumor” phenotype in tumors), abnormal transcription factor regulation (FOXA1 inhibiting the IFN signaling pathway), activation of chromatin effectors (Pygo2-Kit-Ido1 axis), and myeloid cell abnormalities (enrichment of SPP1hi-TAMs).