In vitro cell lines: PC-3 cells (high expression of NRP2), RWPE-2 cells (to verify the association of NRP2 with PD-L1), LNCaP cells (AR-positive PCa cell line, low expression of NRP2), TRAMP-C2 cells (resistant to checkpoint inhibitors)Murine models: subcutaneous graft tumors were established using TRAMP-C2 cells.Clinical specimens: high Gleason grade PCa primariesOrganoid models: neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) metastases. Here, NRP2 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.