Mice treated with RMP-IL-18mutE4 had lower amounts of tumor associated myeloid cells (tumor associated macrophages [TAM] and myeloid-derived suppressor cells [MDSC]), which play an important immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic role in tumor tissue via multiple pathways including PD-L1 dependent CD8+ T cell exhaustion, secretion of TGFβ and VEGF, and nitration of chemokines and TCRs (43–45). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.