As shown in the volcanic map (Figures 2A, 3A), most immune-related DEGs are enriched in biological processes such as interferon-interferon stimulated genes (ISG), complement, inflammatory response, etc., whether in kidney or PBMCs, and they are important features associated with adverse clinical outcomes in SLE (17, 18). This evidence concerns the gene STING1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.