HLA-A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Comparative analysis between the T2DM condition and normal controls indicates heightened interactions of granulocytes with monocytes, T cells, and mast cells through diverse chemokine and immune regulatory pathways (e.g., HLA-A/B/C/E, SELP–SELL), underscoring their pivotal role in inflammation modulation and immune cell recruitment (Figures 3B, C).