Specific tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) subsets, such as plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR)+ and CD10+ cells, can express PD-L1 and release high levels of ROS and suppressive cytokines, pushing CD8+ T cells toward exhaustion and functional decline and thereby lowering responses to anti PD-1 and anti PD-L1 therapy (41, 112, 113). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.