Enforced expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) increases mitochondrial biogenesis, improves the fitness of CD8+ populations, and heightens antitumor efficacy—observations supported in both chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte models (135, 136). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.