A GWAS analysis containing 371 695 participants found a lower FXI level was associated with reduced risks of venous thrombosis (OR = 0.1, 95%CI 0.07–0.14; P = 3 × 10−43) and ischemic stroke (OR = 0.47, 0.36–0.61; P = 2 × 10−8).37 MR analysis of our study also revealed a causal relationship between F11 and CES, with 63.8% of the effect mediated by FXI. This evidence concerns the gene F11 and ischemic stroke.