Advances in nanobiotechnology have also enhanced the efficacy of mushroom metabolites; for example, selenium nanoparticles stabilized by Agrocybe aegerita protein overcame drug resistance in lung cancer, and glucomannan from S. commune inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with high structural stability (Chen et al., 2024; Gao et al., 2024). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is lung carcinoma.