NPPB and heart failure: Some animal studies have found that PAGln significantly increased the left atrial inner diameter (LAD) (33) and exacerbated the increase in plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration as well as promoted the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA in atrial tissue of heart failure (HF) mice.