Gal-3 levels are particularly prognostic in patients with diabetes mellitus, where they correlate strongly with underlying coronary atherosclerosis burden and plaque vulnerability (Ozturk et al., 2015), and in patients who develop atrial fibrillation (AF) post-AMI, where higher Gal-3 levels predict AF occurrence and are associated with worse outcomes in those with AF (Stanojevic et al., 2019) (Misirlioglu et al., 2025). Here, LGALS3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.