ADAR and fibrosis: In a study examining the association between polymorphism in the ADAR1 gene and the severity of liver disease in European patients co-infected with HIV/HCV, it was discovered that five SNPs within the ADAR1 gene (rs1127326, rs1127317, rs1127314, rs1127313, and rs2229857) can decrease the rate of fibrosis progression, shield carriers from advanced fibrosis, enhance the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and FIB-4 index, and avert the onset of severe liver disease (Med et al., 2017).