In addition to promoting pulmonary arterial hypertension as mentioned earlier (Zhang et al., 2023),The overexpression of ADAR1 is also manifested in the upregulation of the editing of cathepsin S mRNA, a cysteine protease associated with atherosclerosis, leading to an increase in its protein expression and thereby promoting the progression of atherosclerosis (Stellos et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and atherosclerosis.