TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: Quercetin significantly reduces inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β) and oxidative stress markers (MDA) while upregulating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH) in DN models by inhibiting PI3K/PKB, AMPK-P38 MAPK, and TGF-β1/Smad pathways (Li et al., 2022).