AKT1 and renal fibrosis: Notably, traditional Chinese medicine compounds (e.g., Astragalus-Panax notoginseng combination) modulate multiple pathways like AGE-RAGE, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling, showing unique benefits in reducing proteinuria and ameliorating renal fibrosis (Wu et al., 2023; Król-Kulikowska et al., 2024).