INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These results clearly indicate that MLP inhibits PTP1B expression, activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathway, alleviates oxidative stress in the livers of high-fat and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM rats, and regulates liver glucose metabolism and insulin signaling effectively (Ren et al., 2015).