AKT1 and neoplasm: Given that S1P is a well-established activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway via its cognate receptors (Rostami et al., 2019; Dilber et al., 2024), we propose that this specific pattern of metabolite changes collectively fosters a microenvironment conducive to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting cell survival and tumor progression.