MaR1 improves ventricular remodeling and reduces arrhythmias by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling, while also mitigating myocardial hypertrophy via the retinoic acid–related orphan receptor alpha (RORα)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/PI3K/Akt axis [108]. Here, IGF1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.