In HFD-fed mice, UA prevented obesity, liver steatosis, systemic inflammation, glucose intolerance,383 and insulin resistance.378,383 In therapeutic settings, UA also reversed obesity and restored glucose homeostasis.383 Similar anti-obesity effects were observed in the ob/ob genetic mouse models of obesity.383 An ongoing clinical trial (NCT06274749) is investigating whether UA supplementation can improve insulin levels and glucose tolerance in overweight elderly adults. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.