MUL1 (also known as MAPL/MULAN/GIDE) is a mitochondrial OMM-localized E3 ligase with both ubiquitination and SUMOylation activities.469 MUL1 has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics by modifying MFN2 and DRP1.470,471 It modifies and interacts with ULK1,472 and it functions synergistically with Parkin to eliminate paternal mitochondria.473 SIAH1 promotes mitochondrial protein ubiquitination and subsequent mitophagy in a PINK1–synphilin-1-dependent manner474; ARIH1 was identified as a PINK1-dependent mitophagy regulator in cancer cells.300. Here, PRKN is linked to cancer.