RNF5 and cardiac hypertrophy: RNF5 comprises an N-terminal RING domain and C-terminal TMDs and is regulated by autoubiquitination.170 Misfolded proteins targeted by RNF5 include mutant CFTR,119 solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5), and SLC38A2.176 RNF5 also controls the stability of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-cleavage activating protein (SCAP),177,178 JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP),179 MAVS, an activity that affects the antiviral response,180 and STING, which affects cardiac hypertrophy.181 RNF5 acts in concert with other ubiquitin ligases to ensure optimal ERAD.