IGF1 and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer and possibly other tumor types, HRD1 reportedly mediates ERAD of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1R),471 the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP),472 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2),473 which are key pathways involved in breast cancer pathogenesis.