CXCL1 and neoplasm: Consistently, in the MB49 mouse model, longitudinal ELISA analysis of serum samples demonstrated that CD14 and CXCL1 levels did not significantly change across RT time points or between mice with versus without LM (Fig. S5F, S5G), indicating that RT acts as a trigger enabling such traits to interact with immune or irradiated tumor cells to promote distant metastasis.