However, a recent trial of adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) in malignant melanoma demonstrated an improved recurrence‐free survival in patients taking concurrent β1‐selective‐β‐blockers, indicating the complex role both receptors may play in influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy and cancer prognosis in general [37]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to melanoma.